Abstract : The pharmaceutical industry faces, as many other public and private sectors, a significant deficit in trust (medication considered too expensive, not always readily available, even if it is deemed essential, lack of financial transparency). Moreover, we are more than very surprised by the lack of efficiency (colossal investments, compared to the modest final output). Not a single human activity sector can afford the luxury of such a situation. In these moments of doubts, industrial leaders are pushed to reinvent the whole sector, starting from research and development, through production and commercialization, to finish with retail. They are massively investing in new disruptive technologies (artificial intelligence, connected health, big data), redesigning the way clinical trials are elaborated and performed.