Abstract : Ezetimibe (Ezetrol®) selectively inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and phytosterols. Its mechanism of action results in a synergistic cholesterol-lowering effect together with a statin that inhibits cholesterol synthesis by the liver, which leads to the development of a fixed ezetimibe-simvastatin combination (Inegy®). Ezetimibe has been more particularly studied in patients with type 2 diabetes whose high cardiovascular risk is well known. The present article aims at describing recent advances and specificities concerning the use of ezetimibe in the diabetic population.